1910-1919


 * Kevin- 1912**

__//Francois Auguste Victor Grignard//__ is one of the two Chemists that won a Nobel Prize in the year 1912. Victor was born in Cherbourg, France on the sixth of May 1871. With a scholarship Grignard was able to attend the University of Lyon, where he became attached to the Faculte de Sciences. In between his studies, Victor Grignard spent some time in the military until he was demobilized and then finished off with his degree of Licencié ès Sciences Mathématiques in 1894. In 1909 he took charge of the Department of Organic Chemistry at Nancy and in the following year he became the Professor of Organic Chemistry. In 1910, he married Augustine Marie Boulant and had a one son named Roger. During his time at Nancy he was given the Nobel Prize for chemistry for the discovery of the Grignard reagent, which has further advanced the progress of organic chemistry. Francois Grignard died on the 13th of December 1935.



__//Paul Sabatier//__ is one of two chemists to receive a Chemistry Nobel Prize in the year of 1912. Paul was born in Carcassonne, a region in Southern France, on November 5 1854. He was accepted into Ecole Polytechnique and the École Normale Supérieure in the 1874; he graduated three years later at the top of his class. On 1880 he graduated from the College de France with a Doctor degree of Science. Sabatier's earliest researches concerned the thermochemistry of sulphur and metallic sulphate. In 1912 Paul Sabitier was given the Nobel Prize of Chemistry for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years. Paul Sabatier's work was accurately recorded in the the publications of learned societies and also published his own book named //La Catalyse en Chimie Orgarnique// in 1913. Paul was also named to the French Academy of Sciences and Comander of the Legion d'Honnuer.

Dee- 1913 Alfred Werner was born and raised in Alsace. His father was a factory foreman. He showed quite a bit of interest in Chemistry during school. When he was 18 he did his first independent chemical research. He attended the military from 1885 to 1886 in Karlsruhe. While in service Alfred Werner attended lectures at Federal Technical High School at Zurich. In 1886 he got his diploma in technical chemistry. Professor A. Hantzsch inspired Alfred Werner quite a bit. In 1889 he was an assistant at the Zurich Technical High School. Alfred and Hantzsch began to collaborate to research with each other. In 1890 he took his degree at University of Zurich. During 1890 to 1891 he worked under Professor Berthelot, where he further researched his thesis on spatial arrangements on the atoms in molecules containing nitrogen at the College of France. Werner's name will always be associated with the theory of coordination which he established and with his work on the spatial relationships of atoms in the molecule, the foundations of which were laid in the work he did, when he was only 24, for his doctorate thesis in 1892. In this work he formulated the idea that, in the numerous compounds of tervalent nitrogen, the three valence bonds of the nitrogen atom are directed towards the three corners of a tetrahedron, the fourth corner of this being occupied by the nitrogen atom. In 1891 he had published a paper on the theory of affinity and valence, in which he substituted for Kekulé's conception of constant valence, the idea that affnity is an attractive force exerted from the centre of the atom which acts uniformly towards all parts of the surface of the atom. “Swiss chemist Alfred Werner, recipient of the 1913 Nobel Prize in chemistry, in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and o pened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry” Citation:[]

Mina-1914 **Early life**
 * theodore william Richards **** ( 1868-1928)**

**born:On january, 31, 1868, Theodore William Richards was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania USA.** **died:on April 2, 1928, Theodore William died at Cambridge, Massachusetts.** **family: His father,William.T Richards was well-known painter of landscapes and seascapes. His mother, Anna, née Matlack, won fame for her poetical works.** **When he travelled England and France and up to fourteen he educated by his mother.**

**science studies**

**(1883)He entered Harvard college, Pennsylvania,** **(1885)He graduated in science, and entered Harvard University.** **(1886,1888) He received the degrees B.A, M.A. and Ph.D.** **he studied under Victor Meyer, P. Jannasch, G. Kruss and W. Hempel in Germany for twelve month.** **he was appointed Assistant in Chemistry on his returned to Harvard.** **(1891) he became instructor successively.** <span style="font: 14px/19px Arial; margin: 0px;">**(1894) Assistant professor** <span style="font: 14px/19px Arial; margin: 0px;">**(1901) Professor,also he declined an offer of professor scholarship in the University of Göttingen.** <span style="font: 14px/19px Arial; margin: 0px;">**(1903) he became chairman of the department of chemistry.**

<span style="font: 14px/19px Arial; margin: 0px;">**Reason for the Nobel Prize** <span style="font: 14px/19px Arial; margin: 0px;">**Theodore William Richards, Professor at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements -25 in all. ** <span style="font: 14px/19px Arial; margin: 0px;">**Twenty-one of the atomic weights referred to have been determined by Richards himself.**

<span style="font: 12px/17px Verdana; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">**He obtained the atomic weights of approximately 60 elements, improving considerably on those achieved by Jean stannin the 1860s. His determination of the atomic weight of silver, for example, lowered this from Stas's 107.93 to 107.88. In 1913 his team showed that lead present in uranium had a lower atomic weight than normal specimens of lead, thus supporting the idea that it was formed by radioactive decay. In 1914 Richards was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry for his work on atomic weights.**

Chris Kim- 1915 <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"> Richard Martin Willstatter was born in August 13th, 1872 and his place of birth is Karlsruhe in Baden. He used to study at his hometown school and then his parents moved so he attended Technical School in Nuremberg. On he turned 18 he got into the University of Munich under 1905 Nobel Peace Prize winner Adolf Baeyer, Richard often got help from Baeyer. He stayed at that school for 15 years starting at 1896 as a lecturer. He got his Nobel Peace Prize for his succession in study plant chlorophyll and plant pigments he determined the structure of chlorophyll. The structure of Chlorophyll is very important because Chlorophyll is apart of photosynthesis which is how plants get energy so because of Richard we know more about Photosynthesis and plants. When he got the Nobel Peace Prize he got a call from Munich again and decided to teach there, he is known to be the successor of his teach Adolf Baeyer. When he was in Munich he still studied more and he achieved the first synthesis of cyclo-octatetraene. An interesting thing is that Richard suffered from antisemitism which means your prejudice against Jews and that’s is why he decided to resign in 1924. Richard was married to a lady named Sophie Leser, she was a daughter of a professor and they had a son and a daughter, the son named Ludwig and Ida. He died August 3, 1942 from a heart attack.

Citation: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1915/willstatter-bio.html

Carlye- 1918 (Fritz Haber) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On December 9, 1868 in Breslau, Germany, chemist Fritz Haber was born into a life that would soon be surrounded by great achievements. His father, Siegfried Haber, was a merchant that lived a moderately wealthy lifestyle, who influenced Fritz Haber’s interest in his studies, and assisted his son in gaining the success he achieved through the study of chemistry. The first school that Fritz Haber attended was St. Elizabeth Classical School in Breslau. Shortly after, between the years 1886 and 1891, he was a young student at numerous universities, including the University of Heidelberg, the University of Berlin, and the Technical School at Charlottenburg. During these six vital years of his life, he religiously studied chemistry under many famous and skilled professors of this time, such as Bunsen, A.W. Hoffmann, and Liebermann. Continuing to broaden his knowledge in sciences, after studying in numerous institutes, he assisted his father in the family chemical business, and later worked under Professor Georg Lunge in Zurich. Later, he finally made the decision to start his scientific career, and after only a year and a half, he created his first published joint paper, teaming with Ludwig Knorr. From 1894 until 1911 he worked and experimented with Hans Bunte and Carl Enger as an assistant, exploring more into the studies of combustion chemistry and petroleum. Throughout these seventeen vital years in his life, he investigated deeply into multiple experiments on his own as well, including the first ever investigations on plausible differences that are evident between solid electrolytes and their matching aqueous solutions, which brought a lot of interest to physiologists. Also during this time, he published his first and only textbook which was based on the plethora of lectures he gave pertaining to Electrochemistry. Because this incredible opportunity was given to him to work as an assistant he gained a higher standard in society and soon qualified for a variety of professional jobs. His first real occupation was in Karlsruhe where he claimed the name of three different roles: Professor of Physical Chemistry, Professor of Electrochemistry, and the Director of the Institute. In 1911 he quit all of these jobs and succeeded Engler as the teacher for a Science Institute in Berlin-Dahlem where he continued to work for 22 years until finally resigning and transferring to England. Soon after the switch, Haber was diagnosed with a heart disease, which later lead to his death, and because he feared the harsh winter there, he moved to Switzerland. During his next ten years here, he succeeded in numerous other accomplishments. He began studying the loss of energy that occurred because of steam engines and other motor driven fuels, and also searched for methods of limiting this loss by electrochemical reasoning. He never found a precise solution for this energy loss, but he did find a solution for the combustion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This lead him into his next area of research, the study of flames. He concentrated on determining the temperatures of different flames, using a Bunsen flame to show that its flame undergoes the cycle of combustion through water and gas. Following this experiment, he began working on the fixation of nitrogen from the air, and it was because of this that he was recognized with a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1918, which was properly awarded to him in 1919. Haber was recognized for his strong determination in the studies of chemistry in more ways than receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, including the renaming of the Institute for Physical and Electrochemistry at Berlin-Dahlem that was transformed into the Fritz Haber Institute. In the state of Basle, the conclusion of Haber’s life was met on January 29, 1934 on his returning journey from England back to Switzerland.

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